毛花猕猴桃果实发育过程中理化性质的变化研究

为深入了解猕猴桃果实生长发育规律及果实商品价值,本研究以四川地区野生毛花猕猴桃果实为材料,采用田间取样和实验室测定相结合的方法测定其果实发育过程中理化性质变化.结果显示果实重量、纵横径和干物质积累呈单‘S’型曲线.果实淀粉积累时间短,果糖和葡萄糖从盛花期(DAA)105 d开始急剧上升,果实成熟时生成少量的蔗糖和麦芽糖.苹果酸和柠檬酸浓度整体呈上升趋势,而奎宁酸在90 DAA前保持相对恒定,105 DAA时下降到最低,后保持稳定.VC含量高,整体呈下降趋势.以上结果说明毛花猕猴桃果树园艺性状好,其果实有机酸含量高,特别是VC,是天然维生素库.     

一类右半直线上的独立同分布随机环境中的随机游动

本文给出在0点以一定概率吸收和反射的右半直线上独立同分布的随机环境中的随机游动模型,讨论了模型的常返性和极限性质,计算了模型的吸收概率.     

枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1的碳水化合物活性酶类(CAZymes)蛋白预测与遗传关系分析

枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1对多种植物病原菌具有较好的抑制作用,是农业生产上非常重要的生防菌之一.碳水化合物活性酶类蛋白(CAZymes)作为植物病原真菌、细菌中重要的蛋白,在其生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用.基于前期获得的枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1中104个分泌蛋白基本序列信息,利用CAT预测程序对该菌中的CAZymes蛋白进行预测分析,明确其含有CAZymes蛋白的数量是58个,上述蛋白可以分为主要类别和复合类别两大类,前者包括26个GHs、21个CBMs以及2个CEs、3个PLs、2个GTs;后者则包括4个复合蛋白类型GH/CBM.该研究有效地实现了枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1中CAZymes的预测,为进一步开展其功能研究打下坚实的理论基础.     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

3类3-正则图中的1-因子数

构造了3类3-正则图,并用划分与求和的方法给出了这3类图1-因子数的计算公式.     

基于观测器的不确定非线性系统L1自适应控制

针对一类严格块反馈型不确定非线性系统,采用反步设计方法提出了一种新的基于滑模状态观测器的L1自适应控制方案。由于系统状态不完全可测,首先设计滑模观测器对系统状态进行估计,并分析观测器的收敛性,在此基础上,通过反步法得到系统的理想控制律。为了消除反步控制中的“项数膨胀”,引入非线性跟踪微分器来提取理想控制律的微分信号。为提高系统响应的瞬态性能,消除控制输入的高频振荡,引入L1自适应控制对控制律进行改进,通过理论推导证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后通过数值仿真算例验证了所设计控制方案具有快速的收敛性、良好的跟踪性等期望性能。